Take a bit of time to check the health of your well pump and all the parts that get that water from the ground to your house. You’ll likely be saving yourself some unnecessary repairs and replacements when you notice elements that aren’t working their best or issues that could become a major expense.

Here are some of the more common pressure tank issues homeowners run into that you can easily fix yourself, along with some insights to help you understand more complicated problems that you’ll need the extended knowledge of a plumber for.

Pressure Switch Maintenance
The pressure switch located near the bottom of your pressure tank requires periodic maintenance and is the most common culprit of problems with pumping your well water. Troubleshooting your well water problems is best started with the pressure switch
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As with anything in your home that has power running through it, you should turn off the breaker in your electrical box to the pressure tank and well pump before working on it. It could be set up as one large breaker of 30 amps or more or a double circuit breaker with two lower amperages in tandem on the panelboard. The pressure tank and well pump should be wired on the same breaker, so if you find a label for “well” or “water pump,” that should be the power shut-off for the pressure tank, too.

Once you’re sure the power is off to the pressure tank — you can test with a non-contact voltage tester --follow these steps to perform basic maintenance on your pressure switch:

• Take the plastic or metal cover off the pressure switch — there may be a couple of screws to remove.
• If your pump was not operating at all, move apart the switch relay contacts and check to see if there is any pitting or burning on the contacts. Deep pitting and noticeable damage from burning will likely require that the whole pressure switch be replaced. Otherwise, clean the contacts with a fine-grit emery cloth or sandpaper until you have revealed the shiny metal on all contacts — there are usually eight: four contacts with contact points on each side.
• Locate the pressure adjustment nut, which should be located in front of the compartment where the switch relay contacts are situated. Using a wrench, adjust the nut according to the manufacturer’s instructions, which are usually printed on the inside of the switch cover.

This is a great maintenance task to do on a bi-annual basis, especially if your pressure pump is in a high-humidity area like the basement. If you were trying to get your water supply back to your house with the pressure switch maintenance and it didn’t seem to do the trick, you may need a new pressure switch.
Pressure Switch ReplacementSwitches are available in three different pressure ranges: 40 to 60 psi, 30 to 50 psi and 20 to 40 psi. Your pressure tank was designed to work properly with only one of these ranges, so be sure to check which range is right for your tank. You can usually find this information printed on the inside of the switch cover.

Here are the step-by-step directions to replace your pressure switch:

• Turn off the power to the pressure tank as described above.
• Label each of the wires that are coming out of the switch relay and remove them from the faulty switch.
• Close off the valve that goes from the pressure tank to the plumbing of your house.
• Drain all the water out of the tank.
• Remove the old switch and the pressure gauge. A new gauge will only be about $10 and is easily replaced when you’re already changing the pressure switch to ensure that neither one will be a problem in the near future.
• Wrap the pipe threads with Teflon tape and install the new pressure switch and pressure gauge.
• Connect the wiring to the new switch in the same order as you removed them and secure the switch cover.
• Turn the power to the tank back on.

If neither of these quick fixes got your system running again, you may have an issue with your pressure tank or water pump. A tank or pump failure can be caused by a number of factors: age, low-quality components, running without water, constant cycling or a clogged intake valve. Water pumps and pressure tanks don’t need much in the way of maintenance, but they do need the right environment to reach their life expectancy.

Even the most seasoned do-it-yourselfer backs off from water pump replacement or pressure tank issues. A submersible pump needs to be pulled up a long way from your well, and once it’s up, you may not be too sure what you’re going to do with it. Someone trained in water pump technology will be able to make a repair or recognize the time has come for a replacement. Even above-ground jet pumps contain a number of components that aren’t easy to troubleshoot without training and experience.

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