A submersible pump is one that is sent down the well shaft and stays in the water below ground. Because the entire mechanism is completely submerged in the water, it is encased in metal to keep water away from the motor.  

Additionally, because they are below the water, the engine stays cool, which prolongs the pumps life. This placement also avoids cavitation problems that can happen with above-ground well pumps.  

Advantages to using a submersible pump are many. They can be used at many depths, even up to 400 feet deep in mountainous or dry climates. They are self-priming, which speeds up the priming process. They don't use as much energy because they use gravitational forces to send water to your home. 

Submersible pumps can also last for years with little to no maintenance; up to 25 years if your water has a low level of sediment. If you have higher sediment levels with no protection, your pump may only last five or six years. 

The disadvantages are few, but you should definitely consider them. Submersibles are the most expensive water pumps, which can be a deterrent. If your pump does begin to fail, it can be hard to pinpoint exactly what the problem may be until it's too late, and the pump needs to be replaced. If the pump is too strong for your well, it may cause the well to run dry. 

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