Borewell submersible pumps are reliable and efficient tools for water extraction, but like any mechanical system, they can sometimes experience issues. Troubleshooting common problems early can help you avoid costly repairs or replacements. Here’s a guide on how to troubleshoot the most common issues with borewell submersible pumps.

1. Pump Not Starting
Possible Causes:

• Power Supply Issues: The motor may not be receiving power due to a tripped circuit breaker, blown fuse, or faulty electrical wiring.
• Faulty Start Capacitor: A faulty start capacitor can prevent the motor from starting.
• Incorrect Voltage: The voltage supplied may be lower or higher than the motor's rated capacity, preventing the pump from starting.
• Pump Overload: The motor could be overloaded due to excessive load or a faulty motor winding.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Check Power Supply: Ensure the power supply is functional and the circuit breaker is in the "ON" position. Test the power socket using another device to verify the voltage.
2. Inspect the Motor: Look for any visible signs of damage or wear. Test the capacitor with a multimeter. If it’s defective, replace it.
3. Check Voltage: Use a voltmeter to ensure that the voltage supplied matches the pump’s rated voltage.
4. Reset Overload Protection: If the pump has an overload protection mechanism, reset it as per the manufacturer's instructions.

2. Pump Running, but No Water Flow (No Discharge)
Possible Causes:

• Clogged Impeller: The impeller may be clogged with debris, preventing water from flowing.
• Blocked Discharge Pipe: A blockage in the discharge pipe or valve may restrict water flow.
• Suction Problem: The pump’s suction intake could be obstructed by silt, sand, or debris.
• Damaged Shaft or Bearings: If the shaft or bearings are damaged, the impeller may not spin properly.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Check Discharge Pipe and Valve: Inspect the discharge pipe for clogs or kinks. Ensure the valve is open.
2. Clean the Impeller: Turn off the power, and remove the pump from the borewell. Clean the impeller and ensure it rotates freely.
3. Inspect Suction Intake: Inspect the intake screen for blockages and clean it if necessary.
4. Check Shaft and Bearings: Inspect the motor shaft and bearings. If they are damaged, you may need to replace the pump or repair the components.

3. Low Water Pressure or Reduced Flow
Possible Causes:

• Pump Wearing Out: Over time, pump components such as the impeller or motor can wear down, causing reduced flow.
• Suction Blockage: There could be a blockage at the pump’s intake or within the pump assembly.
• Water Level Dropping: If the water level in the borewell has dropped, the pump may not be able to reach the water, resulting in low flow.
• Air Lock in the Pump: Air trapped in the system can prevent the pump from properly moving water.
• Incorrect Pump Size: If the pump is undersized for the application or water requirement, it may not deliver adequate flow.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Check Water Level: Measure the water level in the borewell. If the water level is low, the pump may need to be repositioned or replaced with a larger one to reach deeper water levels.
2. Inspect Pump Components: Check the pump for wear and tear. If the impeller or motor components are worn out, consider replacing them.
3. Check for Blockages: Inspect the intake and discharge pipe for clogs or debris. Remove any obstructions that could be restricting water flow.
4. Release Air Lock: If you suspect an air lock, try opening the pump’s discharge valve to release any trapped air. If necessary, remove and clean the pump to ensure proper operation.
5. Assess Pump Size: If the pump is undersized for your needs, you may need to replace it with a larger capacity pump.

4. Pump Overheating
Possible Causes:

• Dry Running: The pump may be running without water, causing the motor to overheat.
• Improper Voltage: If the pump is receiving more or less voltage than specified, it can lead to overheating.
• Pump Blockage: A clogged impeller or suction pipe can cause the pump to work harder, leading to overheating.
• Excessive Operating Hours: Running the pump continuously without rest can cause the motor to overheat.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Check for Dry Running: Ensure the pump is submerged in water at all times. If the water level drops, the pump will run dry and overheat. Consider installing a float switch for automatic shut-off when water levels are low.
2. Check Voltage: Use a multimeter to check that the voltage supplied to the pump is within the specified range. If there’s a voltage fluctuation, install a voltage stabilizer.
3. Inspect for Blockages: Clean the pump’s impeller and suction pipe to ensure there’s no clogging.
4. Limit Continuous Running: Allow the pump to rest periodically if it is running for long hours to avoid overheating.

5. Strange Noises or Vibrations
Possible Causes:

• Damaged Bearings: Worn bearings can cause the pump to vibrate and make noise.
• Imbalanced Rotor: If the rotor is out of balance due to debris or wear, it can cause excessive noise and vibration.
• Misalignment: If the motor and pump are misaligned, it can lead to vibrations and noise.
• Debris Inside the Pump: Small debris inside the pump can cause obstruction, leading to noise.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Check Bearings and Rotor: If the bearings are worn out or the rotor is misaligned, they may need to be replaced or repaired.
2. Inspect Pump for Debris: Turn off the power, remove the pump, and inspect it for any debris. Clean the pump thoroughly.
3. Check Alignment: Ensure that the motor and pump are properly aligned. Misalignment can cause vibration and noise, which may require professional realignment.

6. Pump Running Continuously without Shutting Off
Possible Causes:

• Faulty Float Switch: A malfunctioning float switch may fail to signal the pump to stop when the water level reaches a certain point.
• Control Panel or Switch Malfunction: If the control panel or switch is malfunctioning, the pump may not turn off.
• Incorrect Pump Sizing: If the pump is oversized for the application, it may run continuously, even when the water demand is low.

Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Inspect the Float Switch: Test the float switch for proper operation. If it’s defective, replace it to ensure the pump turns off when the water level is sufficient.
2. Check the Control Panel: Test the control panel and switches to ensure they are functioning correctly. If faulty, consider replacing them.
3. Evaluate Pump Size: If the pump is too large for the application, consider replacing it with a smaller, more appropriate model to prevent continuous operation.

By systematically following the troubleshooting steps for common issues, you can quickly identify and resolve problems with your borewell submersible pump. Regular maintenance, monitoring, and prompt attention to issues will ensure that your pump operates efficiently and reliably for years to come. If the problem persists after troubleshooting, consider consulting a professional technician to prevent further damage. For more info contact Submersible Pump Suppliers in UAE or call us at +971 4 2522966.